diff --git a/roadmaps/network-engineer/content/common-networks-issues@aorLjhyk7VjFTWgV19uRf.md b/roadmaps/network-engineer/content/common-networks-issues@aorLjhyk7VjFTWgV19uRf.md
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+# Common Network Issues
+
+Common network issues are recurring problems that network engineers encounter regularly across different environments and infrastructures. These include IP address conflicts where two devices share the same address, DNS resolution failures where domain names cannot be translated to IP addresses, default gateway misconfigurations that prevent traffic from leaving the local network, duplex and speed mismatches between connected devices causing performance degradation, VLAN misconfigurations that isolate devices unintentionally, routing loops where packets cycle endlessly between routers, and high latency or packet loss caused by congestion, faulty hardware, or misconfigured QoS policies.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@7 Common Network Issues and How to Resolve Them Fast](http://cbtnuggets.com/blog/technology/networking/7-common-network-issues-and-how-to-resolve-them-fast)
+- [@article@9 common network issues and how to fix them](https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/answer/What-are-the-3-most-common-network-issues-to-troubleshoot)
+- [@video@Network Troubleshooting for Beginners: Fix Your Internet Step-by-Step](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czXiP1mYtPE)
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diff --git a/roadmaps/network-engineer/content/icmp@bc9NFPvpeHAWfSD15zXyZ.md b/roadmaps/network-engineer/content/icmp@bc9NFPvpeHAWfSD15zXyZ.md
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+# ICMP
+
+ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) carries diagnostic and error messages between devices on a network, rather than application data. Routers and hosts use it to report problems like an unreachable destination or an expired packet, and tools like ping and traceroute rely on it directly. It works at the network layer, alongside IP, but it doesn't transport regular traffic.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@ICMP - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol)
+- [@article@What is the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)?](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/glossary/internet-control-message-protocol-icmp/)
+- [@video@Network Fundamentals 11-10: ICMP Basics](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EP1NZAu_PQ)
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diff --git a/roadmaps/network-engineer/content/methdologies@WjhKYOnKJx3HSbDxtwAS0.md b/roadmaps/network-engineer/content/methdologies@WjhKYOnKJx3HSbDxtwAS0.md
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+# Troubleshooting Methodologies
+
+A troubleshooting methodology is a structured approach to diagnosing network problems that prevents guesswork and reduces time to resolution. The most common approaches are bottom-up (starting at the Physical layer and working up through the OSI model), top-down (starting at the Application layer and working down), and divide and conquer (starting at a middle layer based on available evidence). Most methodologies follow a general cycle: identify the problem, establish a theory of probable cause, test the theory, create a plan of action, implement the fix, verify full functionality, and document the outcome.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@Network Troubleshooting Methodology and Techniques](https://study-ccna.com/network-troubleshooting-methodology-techniques/)
+- [@article@Most Common Network Troubleshooting Steps, Techniques and Best Practices](https://www.dnsstuff.com/network-troubleshooting-steps)
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diff --git a/roadmaps/network-engineer/content/tcp@Wqc3KD1ttRWQplt1oPpTf.md b/roadmaps/network-engineer/content/tcp@Wqc3KD1ttRWQplt1oPpTf.md
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+# TCP
+
+TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) sets up a connection between two devices before sending any data, then makes sure every piece of data arrives in order and without errors. It splits data into segments, numbers them, and asks for retransmission if a segment gets lost or corrupted. Most applications that need reliability, like web browsing, email, or file transfer, run on top of TCP.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@TCP - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol)
+- [@article@What Is Transmission Control Protocol TCP/IP?](https://www.fortinet.com/uk/resources/cyberglossary/tcp-ip)
+- [@video@What is TCP/IP?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpsEaqJV_A0&t=60s)
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diff --git a/roadmaps/network-engineer/content/udp@m6yljj_Ukb1y6ECzzGZhh.md b/roadmaps/network-engineer/content/udp@m6yljj_Ukb1y6ECzzGZhh.md
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+# UDP
+
+UDP (User Datagram Protocol) sends data without setting up a connection first and without checking whether it arrives. It skips the overhead of acknowledgments and retransmissions, which makes it faster than TCP but less reliable. Applications like video streaming, online gaming, and DNS lookups use UDP when speed matters more than guaranteed delivery.
+
+Visit the following resources to learn more:
+
+- [@article@UDP - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol)
+- [@article@What is UDP?](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/glossary/user-datagram-protocol-udp/)
+- [@video@TCP vs UDP Comparison](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwoD5YsGACg)
+- [@video@User Datagram Protocol Explained](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMKC3RSUuJg)
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