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Correlation & Covariance

Correlation measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables, scaled between −1 and +1. Covariance measures the same relationship but is not normalized, making it harder to interpret across variables with different scales. df.corr() and df.cov() compute these matrices in Pandas, and heatmaps are used to visualize them.

Visit the following resources to learn more:

• @article@Statistics in Python – Understanding Variance, Covariance, and Correlation
• @video@Covariance and Correlation in Probability