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There are many ways to handle authentication, from simple auth, all the way to oAuth. The right option depends on your particular business needs.
A classical example is using JWT for authenticating a website with a RESTful API using the following process:

  1. Frontend: Present a login form to collect credentials from the user.
  2. Backend: Verify credentials against a database and if they’re valid, create a signed token and return it in the response.
  3. Secure connection: From this point on, the frontend will send the token on every request and the backend will validate it to ensure it’s a valid and authenticated user.
  4. Secured best practices: Ensure your passwords are hashed (e.g., with bcrypt) and use HTTPS for a secured data transmission channel.