correct title levels in C++ data types (#9747)
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In C++, data types are used to categorize different types of data that a program can process. They are essential for determining the type of value a variable can hold and how much memory space it will occupy. Some basic data types in C++ include integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and booleans.
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Fundamental Data Types
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----------------------
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## Fundamental Data Types
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Integer (int)
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-------------
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### Integer (int)
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Integers are whole numbers that can store both positive and negative values. The size of `int` depends on the system architecture (usually 4 bytes).
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@@ -21,8 +19,7 @@ There are variants of `int` that can hold different ranges of numbers:
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* long (`long int`): Larger range than `int`.
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* long long (`long long int`): Even larger range than `long int`.
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Floating-Point (float, double)
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------------------------------
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### Floating-Point (float, double)
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Floating-point types represent real numbers, i.e., numbers with a decimal point. There are two main floating-point types:
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@@ -40,8 +37,7 @@ Example:
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double pi_high_precision = 3.1415926535;
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Character (char)
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----------------
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### Character (char)
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Characters represent a single character, such as a letter, digit, or symbol. They are stored using the ASCII value of the symbol and typically occupy 1 byte of memory.
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@@ -50,8 +46,7 @@ Example:
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char letter = 'A';
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Boolean (bool)
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--------------
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### Boolean (bool)
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Booleans represent logical values: `true` or `false`. They usually occupy 1 byte of memory.
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@@ -60,13 +55,11 @@ Example:
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bool is_cpp_great = true;
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Derived Data Types
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------------------
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## Derived Data Types
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Derived data types are types that are derived from fundamental data types. Some examples include:
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Arrays
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------
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### Arrays
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Arrays are used to store multiple values of the same data type in consecutive memory locations.
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@@ -77,8 +70,7 @@ Example:
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int allZero[0] = {0}; // initialized all to zero
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Pointers
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--------
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### Pointers
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Pointers are used to store the memory address of a variable.
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@@ -88,8 +80,7 @@ Example:
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int* pNum = #
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References
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----------
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### References
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References are an alternative way to share memory locations between variables, allowing you to create an alias for another variable.
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@@ -99,13 +90,11 @@ Example:
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int& numRef = num;
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User-Defined Data Types
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-----------------------
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## User-Defined Data Types
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User-defined data types are types that are defined by the programmer, such as structures, classes, and unions.
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Structures (struct)
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-------------------
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### Structures (struct)
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Structures are used to store different data types under a single variable and accessibility of member variables and methods are public.
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@@ -120,8 +109,7 @@ Example:
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Person p1 = {"John Doe", 30, 5.9};
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Classes (class)
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---------------
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### Classes (class)
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Classes are similar to structures, but the accessibility of the member data and function are governed by access specifiers. By default access to members of a class is private.
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@@ -142,8 +130,7 @@ Example:
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p1.age = 30;
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Unions (union)
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--------------
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### Unions (union)
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Unions are used to store different data types in the same memory location.
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